Barn Owl Food Chain
Barn Owls are birds of prey or raptors – specialised hunters at the top of the food chain, which means that they need to eat prey animals to survive.
Prey animals – mainly small mammals – eat other smaller creatures or plants, seeds and fruits.
Plants get their energy from the sun, and from rain water, air and soil.
This sequence of living things, each depending upon the other for food, is called a food chain and is part of a much more complex food web.
What do Barn Owls eat?
In the UK Barn Owls hunt in open rough grassland, for small mammals (warm blooded furry animals) mainly Field Voles, Wood Mice, and shrews. Sometimes, Barn Owls eat rats and small birds and even frogs.
Barn Owls are found in many countries around the world, where they eat a variety of small animals.
What does a Barn Owl’s prey eat?
Field Voles eat grass
Field Voles eat grass and live in a ‘litter layer’ of dead plant material under long ‘tussocky’ grass.
Wood Mice eat mostly berries, nuts and seeds from trees, shrubs and plants.
Shrews are small predators and eat worms, beetles and insects (which eat dead leaves and plants)
Rats often eat grain from farmer’s barns. Cereals such as wheat and barley are grown by the farmer to feed people or animals.
How do plants get their food?
Plants absorb some of their food through their roots, which may come from decayed plants and animals in the soil. Green plants produce food in their leaves, by using sunlight in a chemical reaction called photosynthesis. Sun, rain and soil are the basic sources of energy for the growth of plants, and are nearly always at the start of a food chain.
Does anything eat Barn Owls?
Field Voles live under dead grass – or litter layer
The predators are controlled by the prey!
You might think that if there are lots of predators (hawks and foxes as well as owls) eating small mammals, then there will be fewer small mammals – but actually it’s the other way round – if there are fewer voles (e.g. if there’s not enough food, or places for voles to live), then there are fewer Barn Owls. People can help by making sure that there is plenty of the right sort of rough grassland for Field Voles to live in.